Every mission ever sent to the Red Planet: orbiters, landers, rovers and the helicopter that flew. Filter, explore the chronology and open each file.
Drag, scroll or use the arrows. The bars show how many missions launched each year: they cluster around the launch windows that open every 26 months.
Korabl 4 (Mars 1M No. 1)
Mars 1M No.2 (Korabl 5)
Mars 2MV-4 No.1 (Sputnik 22)
Mars 1
Sputnik 24 (Mars 2MV-3 No. 1)
Mariner 3
Mariner 4
Zond 2
Mariner 6
Mars 1969A (Mars 2M No. 521)
Mariner 7
Mars 1969B
Mariner 8
Kosmos 419
Mars 2 (Lander)
Mars 2 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Lander)
Mariner 9
Mars 4
Mars 5
Mars 6
Mars 7
Viking 1 (Lander)
Viking 1 (Orbiter)
Viking 2 Orbiter
Viking 2 Lander
Phobos 1
Phobos 2
Mars Observer
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
Mars 96 (Mars-8)
Mars Pathfinder
Sojourner
Nozomi (PLANET-B)
Mars Climate Orbiter (Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter)
Deep Space 2 (DS2)
2001 Mars Odyssey
Mars Express
Beagle 2
Mars Exploration Rover A (Spirit)
Opportunity
Rosetta
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Phoenix (Mars Phoenix Lander)
Dawn
Phobos-Grunt
Yinghuo-1 (YH-1)
Curiosity (MSL)
MAVEN
Schiaparelli EDM
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)
InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport)
Hope (Al Amal)
Zhurong (Rover)
Tianwen-1 (Orbiter)
Tianwen-1 (Lander)
Ingenuity
Perseverance (Mars 2020)
Psyche
Hera
Europa Clipper
ESCAPADE Gold (SIMPLEx-4B)
ESCAPADE Blue (SIMPLEx-4A)
Failed · contact lost before meeting objectives
OKB-1
Mars 1, launched by the USSR in 1962, was the first probe on a successful trajectory to Mars. It held 61 communication sessions, gathering interplanetary space data. On March 21, 1963, contact was lost at 106 million km due to a faulty valve in the attitude control system , which prevented the antenna from pointing to Earth.
Failed · launch failure
OKB-1
The Soviet Mars 2MV-4 No. 1 probe (Sputnik 22) failed on October 24, 1962, when its Blok L upper stage exploded in LEO due to a seized staged-combustion turbopump. Its debris triggered a false ICBM attack alarm in Alaska, averted via vector tracking during the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Failed · launch failure
OKB-1
The Soviet probe Korabl 5 (1M No. 2) was destroyed on October 14, 1960, during its launch to Mars after a catastrophic third-stage (Block I) failure at T+290 seconds. A liquid oxygen leak froze the kerosene in the turbopump, preventing ignition and forcing a suborbital re-entry over Siberia.
OKB-1
Korabl 4, launched by the Soviet Union in October 1960, was the first probe designed to perform a flyby of Mars. The mission failed during its ascent phase due to vibration and resonance issues in the upper stages of the launch vehicle, preventing it from reaching Earth orbit.
Planned
NASA
The Aeolus orbital mission (2028), structured through a public-private partnership between NASA and Relativity Space under a Space Act Agreement, will deploy the innovative DWTS radiometer to continuously map Mars' winds and three-dimensional thermal profiles. Utilizing the Terran R heavy launcher and an onboard AI data center, this meteorological mission will mitigate atmospheric density risks for future crewed landing systems following the loss of the MAVEN probe.
Planned
ESA
The ExoMars Rosalind Franklin mission is an ESA-led initiative, with NASA participation, whose main objective is to search for signs of past or present life on Mars. The rover features a drilling system capable of reaching a depth of 2 meters to extract samples protected from ionizing radiation. Its launch is scheduled for October 2028 aboard a Falcon Heavy rocket, with a planned landing in Oxia Planum.