Every mission ever sent to the Red Planet: orbiters, landers, rovers and the helicopter that flew. Filter, explore the chronology and open each file.
Drag, scroll or use the arrows. The bars show how many missions launched each year: they cluster around the launch windows that open every 26 months.
Korabl 4 (Mars 1M No. 1)
Mars 1M No.2 (Korabl 5)
Mars 2MV-4 No.1 (Sputnik 22)
Mars 1
Sputnik 24 (Mars 2MV-3 No. 1)
Mariner 3
Mariner 4
Zond 2
Mariner 6
Mars 1969A (Mars 2M No. 521)
Mariner 7
Mars 1969B
Mariner 8
Kosmos 419
Mars 2 (Lander)
Mars 2 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Lander)
Mariner 9
Mars 4
Mars 5
Mars 6
Mars 7
Viking 1 (Lander)
Viking 1 (Orbiter)
Viking 2 Orbiter
Viking 2 Lander
Phobos 1
Phobos 2
Mars Observer
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
Mars 96 (Mars-8)
Mars Pathfinder
Sojourner
Nozomi (PLANET-B)
Mars Climate Orbiter (Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter)
Deep Space 2 (DS2)
2001 Mars Odyssey
Mars Express
Beagle 2
Mars Exploration Rover A (Spirit)
Opportunity
Rosetta
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Phoenix (Mars Phoenix Lander)
Dawn
Phobos-Grunt
Yinghuo-1 (YH-1)
Curiosity (MSL)
MAVEN
Schiaparelli EDM
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)
InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport)
Hope (Al Amal)
Zhurong (Rover)
Tianwen-1 (Orbiter)
Tianwen-1 (Lander)
Ingenuity
Perseverance (Mars 2020)
Psyche
Hera
Europa Clipper
ESCAPADE Gold (SIMPLEx-4B)
ESCAPADE Blue (SIMPLEx-4A)
Completed · full success
NASA
Launched on a Delta II Heavy in 2003, Opportunity (MER-B) landed on Meridiani Planum, Mars, in January 2004. Designed for 90 days, it operated for nearly 15 years, traversing 45.16 km (a record). It confirmed past liquid acidic water by discovering hematite and jarosite. A global dust storm in 2018 depleted its batteries, ending the mission in 2019.
NASA
Spirit (MER-A) was one of two twin rovers sent by NASA in 2003 to explore the Martian surface. It landed in Gusev crater in January 2004, vastly exceeding its nominal lifespan of 90 sols and confirming a watery past in the region. After becoming immobilized in a sand trap in 2009, the last communication was received in March 2010 and the mission was officially concluded in 2011.
Completed · full success
NASA
The Mars Pathfinder mission (1996) was a milestone that validated airbag landing systems and deployed the first mobile vehicle on Mars, the Sojourner. Designed to last 7 sols, the 10.6 kg rover operated for 83 sols, analyzing rock chemical composition with its APXS spectrometer and capturing 550 images. The mission confirmed a watery past in Ares Vallis and demonstrated the success of NASA's low-cost philosophy.