Every mission ever sent to the Red Planet: orbiters, landers, rovers and the helicopter that flew. Filter, explore the chronology and open each file.
Drag, scroll or use the arrows. The bars show how many missions launched each year: they cluster around the launch windows that open every 26 months.
Korabl 4 (Mars 1M No. 1)
Mars 1M No.2 (Korabl 5)
Mars 2MV-4 No.1 (Sputnik 22)
Mars 1
Sputnik 24 (Mars 2MV-3 No. 1)
Mariner 3
Mariner 4
Zond 2
Mariner 6
Mars 1969A (Mars 2M No. 521)
Mariner 7
Mars 1969B
Mariner 8
Kosmos 419
Mars 2 (Lander)
Mars 2 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Lander)
Mariner 9
Mars 4
Mars 5
Mars 6
Mars 7
Viking 1 (Lander)
Viking 1 (Orbiter)
Viking 2 Orbiter
Viking 2 Lander
Phobos 1
Phobos 2
Mars Observer
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
Mars 96 (Mars-8)
Mars Pathfinder
Sojourner
Nozomi (PLANET-B)
Mars Climate Orbiter (Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter)
Deep Space 2 (DS2)
2001 Mars Odyssey
Mars Express
Beagle 2
Mars Exploration Rover A (Spirit)
Opportunity
Rosetta
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Phoenix (Mars Phoenix Lander)
Dawn
Phobos-Grunt
Yinghuo-1 (YH-1)
Curiosity (MSL)
MAVEN
Schiaparelli EDM
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)
InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport)
Hope (Al Amal)
Zhurong (Rover)
Tianwen-1 (Orbiter)
Tianwen-1 (Lander)
Ingenuity
Perseverance (Mars 2020)
Psyche
Hera
Europa Clipper
ESCAPADE Gold (SIMPLEx-4B)
ESCAPADE Blue (SIMPLEx-4A)
CNSA
Part of Zhurong
The CNSA's Tianwen-1 mission marked China's first successful landing on the Martian surface with a lander and the Zhurong rover in Utopia Planitia. After exceeding its designed lifespan and completing its scientific objectives on geology and the subsurface, the primary surface mission concluded successfully.
NASA
InSight was a NASA stationary lander designed to investigate the deep interior and internal structure of Mars. Launched in May 2018, it deployed seismological and thermal instruments in Elysium Planitia, successfully mapping the planet's crust, mantle, and core for the first time. The mission concluded in December 2022 after its power was depleted due to dust accumulation.
NASA
Phoenix, launched by NASA in August 2007, was the first mission to successfully land on the arctic polar plains of Mars. It touched down in Vastitas Borealis in May 2008, confirming the presence of subsurface water ice and detecting perchlorates in the regolith during its extended mission before ceasing operations in November 2008.
Completed · full success
NASA
Launched in 1996, Mars Pathfinder was the first completed mission under NASA's "faster, better, cheaper" philosophy. It pioneered the use of an airbag landing system and successfully deployed the first rover on Mars, Sojourner. The mission landed in Ares Vallis, returned over 17,000 images, and performed in-situ chemical analysis of rocks and soil, far exceeding its expected operational lifespan.
Completed · full success
NASA
Part of Viking 2
The Viking 2 Lander touched down in Utopia Planitia on September 3, 1976. It operated for 1281 sols, far exceeding its planned 90-day lifespan, until battery failure on April 11, 1980. It was the first mission to photograph seasonal water frost on the Martian surface and to successfully operate a seismometer on the planet, in addition to conducting controversial biological experiments.
Completed · full success
NASA
Part of Viking 1
NASA's Viking 1 mission, launched in 1975, was a historic milestone. Comprising an orbiter and a lander, it achieved the first successful, long-duration US landing on Mars on July 20, 1976. While the orbiter mapped the planet, revealing river valleys, the lander conducted the first in-situ experiments to search for life, yielding ambiguous results that redefined Martian exploration.