Every mission ever sent to the Red Planet: orbiters, landers, rovers and the helicopter that flew. Filter, explore the chronology and open each file.
Drag, scroll or use the arrows. The bars show how many missions launched each year: they cluster around the launch windows that open every 26 months.
Korabl 4 (Mars 1M No. 1)
Mars 1M No.2 (Korabl 5)
Mars 2MV-4 No.1 (Sputnik 22)
Mars 1
Sputnik 24 (Mars 2MV-3 No. 1)
Mariner 3
Mariner 4
Zond 2
Mariner 6
Mars 1969A (Mars 2M No. 521)
Mariner 7
Mars 1969B
Mariner 8
Kosmos 419
Mars 2 (Lander)
Mars 2 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Orbiter)
Mars 3 (Lander)
Mariner 9
Mars 4
Mars 5
Mars 6
Mars 7
Viking 1 (Lander)
Viking 1 (Orbiter)
Viking 2 Orbiter
Viking 2 Lander
Phobos 1
Phobos 2
Mars Observer
Mars Global Surveyor (MGS)
Mars 96 (Mars-8)
Mars Pathfinder
Sojourner
Nozomi (PLANET-B)
Mars Climate Orbiter (Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter)
Deep Space 2 (DS2)
2001 Mars Odyssey
Mars Express
Beagle 2
Mars Exploration Rover A (Spirit)
Opportunity
Rosetta
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO)
Phoenix (Mars Phoenix Lander)
Dawn
Phobos-Grunt
Yinghuo-1 (YH-1)
Curiosity (MSL)
MAVEN
Schiaparelli EDM
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO)
InSight (Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport)
Hope (Al Amal)
Zhurong (Rover)
Tianwen-1 (Orbiter)
Tianwen-1 (Lander)
Ingenuity
Perseverance (Mars 2020)
Psyche
Hera
Europa Clipper
ESCAPADE Gold (SIMPLEx-4B)
ESCAPADE Blue (SIMPLEx-4A)
Completed · full success
ESA
The Hera probe successfully completed its Mars and Deimos flyby on March 12, 2025, using gravity assist to optimize its route to Didymos. The deep-space campaign validated its optical, hyperspectral, and thermal sensors through unprecedented analysis of the far side of Deimos.
Completed · full success
NASA
NASA's Psyche spacecraft successfully completed its hyperbolic Mars flyby at an altitude of 4,609 km, utilizing gravity assist to correct its orbital plane and gain 447 m/s in velocity. The maneuver overcame a propulsion xenon line anomaly and provided high-precision calibration for its science payload.
NASA
NASA's Dawn mission used a gravity assist flyby of Mars in February 2009 to modify its trajectory toward the asteroids Vesta and Ceres. After completing its primary objectives in the main belt, the mission concluded in November 2018 due to propellant exhaustion.
ESA
In February 2007, the European Space Agency's (ESA) Rosetta mission performed a gravity-assist flyby of Mars to modify its trajectory toward comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. During the close encounter, the spacecraft analyzed the Martian atmosphere and captured high-resolution images before continuing its journey toward its main destination in deep space.
Completed · full success
NASA
NASA's Mariner 7 mission, launched in March 1969, was a resounding success. Alongside its twin, Mariner 6, it flew by Mars in August 1969, sending back 126 images. Its key discovery was determining that the southern polar cap was composed primarily of frozen CO2, not water ice, altering the scientific view of the planet.
Completed · full success
NASA
Mariner 6, launched in February 1969, was a resounding NASA success. During its Mars flyby, the probe returned 75 images and crucial data. Its instruments revealed an atmosphere composed mainly of CO2, measured very low surface pressures, and, most importantly, determined the south polar cap was frozen carbon dioxide (dry ice), not water ice.
Completed · full success
NASA
Mariner 4, launched by NASA on November 28, 1964, was a monumental success. It performed the first successful flyby of Mars on July 14, 1965, returning 21 historic images. These revealed a desolate, crater-filled, Moon-like landscape with a much thinner atmosphere than expected, fundamentally altering the scientific perception of the Red Planet.